"Organizational behavior research indicates that transformational leaders produce followers, whereas charismatic leaders produce dependent followers."

Empowered  

Explanation:

"Organizational behavior research indicates that transformational leaders produce empowered followers, whereas charismatic leaders produce dependent followers."  Transformational leaders are leaders whose style of leadership results in a change in their employees and social systems, they inspire and motivate subordinates to innovate and create positive change. Transformational leaders inspire positive change in their subordinates and hence their followers become empowered.

On the contrary, charismatic leaders relies on charms, persuasion and personal presence to motivate followers to do certain task and hence affords little opportunities for followers to be innovative.

no

explanation:

the answer is:

c. economic output