Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa’s hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of:

meritocracy

Explanation: Meritocracy is referred to as a system in which success, status and achievement in life depend solely on individual talents, abilities, and effort and the individuals are rewarded based on merit. However, It is a social system in which people advance on the basis of their merits. In the above example Elisa’s hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus, this is as a result of meritocracy

The form of promotion that has allowed Elisa to be rewarded for her studies and hard work is based on the principles of meritocracy.

Explanation:

Meritocracy means the recognition of a person's abilities and achievements, either during her studies or her professional career, to occupy a privileged position, in reward for her efforts.

In the proposed case, Elisa has achieved recognition, with a job position that allows her to have so many employees in her charge, for their academic achievements and good professional performance.

The elements of a person that are taken into account by meritocracy are the knowledge, talent and effort that he puts into the activities he performs.  At work, hierarchical positions must be achieved on the basis of meritocracy.

Learn more:

Meritocracy link

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).