If I demonstrate, in a sample of people, that my new self-report measure of extroversion correlates with an observation of the number of conversations each person has in a day, I have demonstrated validity.

This is an example of "CRITERION VALIDITY"

Explanation: Criterion validity is the extent or level in which a chosen measure is related to an observed outcome.

Extroversion is the chosen measure that is been correlated with conversation which is an observed outcome. This validity helps to know the extent in which the measure is related with the outcome. For example chosen extrovert people and checking how their converse in a day, to determine how talkative is related to extroverts.

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