A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor. The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them. Later, the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle. When the shocks are given, the dogs do not even try to escape. They just sit and cower. This is an example of .
a. learned helplessness
b. avoidance learning
c. aversive conditioning
d. vicarious learning

Scenario: the economy of country y has been in an economic downturn for the last several months. recently, businesses have invested in new technologies in order to produce the goods that consumers are demanding within the nation's own borders. the government has removed regulations to allow producers and consumers to have more financial freedom. as a result, consumer spending has increased and the economy has begun to improve. use the drop-down menus to complete the sentences. according to the information presented about country y, the classical economic concept of ( the invisible hand, consumer efficiency, government regulations) can be seen. the economic events of country y demonstrate the idea of laissez faire because the government (did, did not) intervene in economic events.

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