A language may be defined as Question 9 options: a literary tradition developed in a specific geographic area. the necessary basis of national identity. a cultural constant of the sociological subsystem. an organized system of speech communication.

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Pj conducts an experimental study on the effects of soft music during high stakes science testing. he randomly assigns students at the school. in one condition he does not provide music for testing while in the other group he does provide the music. he administers a pretest at the beginning of the year and a posttest at the end of the year. pj’s design is best described as a: a. static group comparisonb. pretest-posttest control group designc. control-group-time-series designd. nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design

10. problems and applications q10 consider public policy aimed at smoking. studies indicate that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.2. if a pack of cigarettes currently costs $5 and the government wants to reduce smoking by 10%, it should increase the price by % . if the government permanently increases the price of cigarettes, the effect on smoking 1 year from now will be than the effect 5 years from now. studies also find that teenagers have a higher price elasticity of demand than do adults. which of the following statements are consistent with this result? check all that apply. it is legal for adults to consume alcohol, so many choose to spend their money on that good rather than cigarettes. teenagers do not have as much income as adults, so they are more price sensitive. adults are more likely to be addicted to cigaret