Ian tends to be very shy about participating in class discussions. You decide to try to promote greater participation in class discussion by first smiling encouragingly at him when he merely looks interested in saying something, then smiling at him when he raises his hand, and then praising him when he actually makes a contribution. The technique you are using is referred to as:.
a. spontaneous recovery. b. shaping.
c. extinction.
d. positive reinforcement.

b. shaping.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the technique you are using is referred to as shaping. This term refers to a technique in which an individual is continuously being reinforced every time they perform a desired action. This will cause the individual to begin turning those behaviors into habits.

mali had been a state inside of the ghanaian empire. after ghana fell because of invading forces and internal disputes, mali rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named sundiata, the "lion king." the songhai empire, already weakened by internal political struggles, went into decline.

true