A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) involved telling teachers that some of their students were "bloomers" and would achieve rapid academic success within the next year. In fact, these students were no different than any of the other students in the class. At the end of the year, the "bloomers" showed more gains in IQ than the other students. It appeared that the teacher had inadvertently treated the "bloomers" in special ways. This is an example of which of the following?

a. Observer bias
b. Observer effects
c. A masked study design
d. Self-report operationalization

99 points which of the following selections is least useful for supporting the claim that states intentionally built unequal school systems to separate the races? question 1 options: a. the supreme court ruling in plessy v. ferguson (1896) declared segregation of schools to be unconstitutional. b. it was very clear by the mid-1900s that southern states had expertly built separate educational systems. these schools, however, were never equal. c. states with laws keeping schools segregated never gave equal amounts of money t o their black and white schools. d. ten years after brown, fewer than 10 percent of southern public schools had integrated. some areas did not comply at all.