involves controlled breathing while assuming certain body positions and minimizing external stimuli. Hypnosis Meditation Consciousness Dichotic listening Cataplexy

The best answer is letter B. meditation.

Explanation:

Meditation as a practice to focus one's attention involves what is described in the question - controlled breathing, assuming certain body positions, minimizing external stimuli. Mindfulness meditation, for instance, has the person focus on their breathing while effortlessly observing his/her thoughts without allowing those thoughts to take over.

We can safely eliminate the other options. Hypnosis is a state of high focus and concentration, but it is induced and makes the person more responsive to suggestion. Consciousness has several definitions, but can be summarized as the awareness of one's own internal and external existence. Dichotic listening happens when a person listens to a type of sound through one ear and another type of sound through the other, simultaneously. Cataplexy is the loss of muscle tone caused by strong emotions.

answer; no longer than a reasonable period of time;

answer; cognitive neuroscientist;