News about the airport closing spread from the public safety manager to the deputy directors to members of airport security to aircraft rescue personnel to administrative assistants and then to the rest of the airport employees. This is an example of which kind of organizational message?

a. formal upward
b. formal lateral
c. informal grapevine
d. formal downward

Option D (formal downward)

Explanation:

Formal downward communication occurs when information, orders or messages move down through the hierarchical structure of an organization. In this case, commands and messages start at the zenith of the organization's hierarchy and flow down till the order or message gets to the bottom level of the organization. When its due for the messages or command to get a response or reply, the response must also move or go up following same path.

Formal downward communication has some decent advantages that can encourage most organizations to adopt it and they include:-

a. Formal downward communication encourages efficiency in discharge of duties.

b. It helps to instill discipline in and around an organization. Everyone knows who he is answerable to, thereby ensuring the observation of strict organizational protocols.

c. It encourages efficiency in the communication of goals. In this case, the people at the zenith of the organization can communicate the goals of the organization easily at any period and therefore assign tasks with regards to achieving the organizational goals.

the part of the earth that is best reflected on a map is the surface. maps reflect borders of countries or territories as well as physical features like mountains.

explanation:

answer; the three types of research;