The difference between specific knowledge and general knowledge is that A. general knowledge is rival in consumption, while specific knowledge is not rival in consumption. B. the creation of general knowledge is usually more profitable for the creator. C. general knowledge is excludable, while specific knowledge is not excludable. D. specific knowledge is excludable, while general knowledge is not excludable.

The correct answer is D. Specific knowledge is excludable, while general knowledge is not excludable.

Explanation:

General knowledge refers to information, facts, etc. that are basic, and due to this, they are known by most of the people. Indeed, general knowledge is obtained through basic education, interaction with others and exposition to media. Moreover, general knowledge covers multiple areas. On the other hand, specific knowledge focuses on specific areas and covers complex facts, information, etc. Also, in most cases, specific knowledge can only be acquired through formal training or education.

Besides, in terms of excludability  (quality of a service or product that needs to be paid to be acquired), specific knowledge is mainly excludable because people who do not pay for formal training cannot obtain it. On the opposite, general knowledge is not excludable as this can be obtained for free, and therefore it is not possible to control this (Option D).

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.