Chen studies the process through which Brazil is shifting from workers mostly working in fields and living in rural villages to people living in cities and working in factories, offices, and the like. He is noting how Brazil is becoming a(n) society.

Industrial

Explanation:

In sociology, the term industrial society refers to the society where technologies of mass production are used and where the production is made through factories and there's a division of work happening in these societies both in factories and offices.

In this example, Brazil used to be full of workers who worked in fields and lived in rural villages but now people are living in the cities and working in factories, offices and similars. We can see that this might be happening because the production is shifting to a way of producing through factories and offices and there's a larger division of work. Therefore, Chen is noticing how Brazil is becoming an industrial society.

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