The focus of classical and operant conditioning is on ; the focus of the cognitive learning approach is on .

The focus of classical and operant conditioning is on external stimuli, responses and reinforcement; the focus of the cognitive learning approach is on internal thoughts and expectations of learning.

Explanation:

Classical and operant conditioning focus on the observable, such as conducts and behaviors the individual carries out. Both conditioning types try to produce a specific behavior on the individual through stimulus, responses and reinforcement.

Meanwhile, the cognitive learning approach, as the name states, focuses on the individual's cognition, meaning its internal functions and processes, saying there's more to the individual than what is observable. It focuses on one's expectations regarding learning.

abraham lincoln issued the preliminary emancipation proclamation on september 22nd, 1862. it stipulated that if the southern states did not cease their rebellion by january 1st, 1863, then proclamation would go into effect.

united states government;