Describe how an understanding of the workings of the Earth system relates to our ability to predict how each subsystem (hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere) might respond to a large-scale disturbance, such as increased greenhouse gas emissions.

Explanation:

Understanding the workings of the Earth System will help in effective planning and predicting large-scale disturbance. Some of the major interactions between the hydrosphere and geosphere are of the ocean (hydrosphere) and atmosphere. For example understanding tsunamis and underwater earthquakes, as well as volcanoes, is the first step for  effective planning for these disasters, but there is always room for improvement. By studying the  processes and consequences, and the interactions across the entire ocean system, can future tragedies be  mediated.

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