Sociologist Robert Merton identified five ways in which people adapt to cultural goals and approved ways of achieving them. In addition to conformity, Merton classified the remaining four types of adaptation as deviance. Which of the following was not a type of adaptation identified?

a. retreatism

b. innovation

c. inoculation

d. ritualism

c. inoculation

Explanation:According to Merton's theory there are five modes that people use to adapt and attain certain goals in their lives these five modes are conformity, ritualism, retreatism , rebellion and innovation. He suggested that innovation is the one highly associated with criminal activities.

In Psychology ,Inoculation on the other side is a technique which aims to help people resist anything or anyone who tries to change their attitude or beliefs by giving them arguments that can prepare them fights any opposition in the future.