Early psychological explanations found that the causes of female delinquency are attributable to repressed sexuality, gender conflict, and abnormal socialization, while contemporary psychological studies indicate that incarcerated adolescent female offenders

Early psychological explanations found that the causes of female delinquency are attributable to repressed sexuality, gender conflict, and abnormal socialization, while contemporary psychological studies indicate that incarcerated adolescent female offenders

a. Have more acute mental health symptoms and psychological disturbance than male

b. show more abnormal hormonal imbalances than their peers

c. are less likely to be criminalized due to the "Chivalry Hypothesis"

d. share more bio-social traits than their male counterparts

The answer is; Based on masculinity hypothesis, the correct answer is: d

Explanation:

Chivalry Hypothesis; suggest that women who commits crime are awarded more lenient sentences than males who commit crime, this is a closely related probable answer for the psychological studies but based on the under listed facts it is less likely to be correct enough reasons based on this study.

Guns; boys are more likely to know bout guns and to have gone hunting

Independence; Boys are thought to be independent while girls are thought their self worth is judged by how well they can keep a relationship

Aggression; Girls are socialized to be less aggressive and are supervised more closely. girls more likely to  display relational aggression, boys more likely to display physical aggression

Stress response; Girls more likely to become anxious and depressed boys more likely to externalize their pain with aggressive and violent behaviors

they all focused on themes about the inevitability of death.

a bad leader