What shows overfishing? 1. use of trawling 2. an increase in the median size of fish in a given population 3. an increase in the abundance of fish species in lower trophic levels 4. decreasing catch with increasing effort

Suppose that sociologists and cultural anthropologists are tying to measure the amount of child abuse for cross cultural comparison. they run into disagreement over whether spanking a child is abuse or discipline. what problem are they encountering in their research? a. reliability of the definition of abuse. b. validity of the definition of abuse. c. occam's razor about the definition of abuse. d. none of these.