The reliability of primary scientific literature is strengthened by the in which the work is examined by other leaders in the same field. For instance, a scientific paper examining the evolution of tetrapods would be reviewed by other evolutionary biologists and paleontologists.

a. peer-review process
b. basic research process
c. applied research process
d. random research proces

a. peer-review process

Explanation:Peer review refers to a process in which one scholarly work or research is given to other people in the same field or people who are experts in that person's field , before that work can be officially released or published in a journal. In science a group of scientists , a review is done on the work by all other scientists and then it can be published as an article , which is further submitted into a journal publisher and then journal editors will send it to other scientists in the same field.

the psychological impact of incarceration

explanation:

a brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minute.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.