Based on Loftus's 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an accident, and some of the subjects were asked a question about a blue car when the actual slides contained pictures of a green car. When these same subjects were asked about the color of the car at the accident, they were found to be confused. This is an example of the instant replay effect.

1. constructive processing effect.
2. levels-of-processing effect.
3. misinformation effect.
4. hindsight bias.

Misinformation effect

Explanation:

The misinformation effect is the effect that occurs during the post-event information that interferes with the original events of the information. This information affects the information that has been stored after events. This effect leads to inaccurate memory storage.

Sometimes it happened false information has been stored in the memories. This phenomenon tells that how easily the memories are raised and effected concerned about the reliability of the memory. It happened sometimes with the eyewitness of criminal guilt.  

So that in the above context when in Loft's study, participants asked about the color of the car, they were confused about the color. It was an example of the Misinformation effects.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.