Which of the following sociological theories of deviance—and hence, illicit drug use, abuse—has been disconfirmed, that is, evidence has demonstrated more or less conclusively and definitively that it is false?

a. social learning and subculture theory
b. social disorganization theory
c. social control and self-control theories
d. selective interaction/socialization theory
e. none of the above; all explain at least some part of the drug use/abuse picture

e. none of the above; all explain at least some part of the drug use/abuse picture            

Explanation:

Social learning and subculture theory states that people under a broader category learn by observing others or imitating others from the larger group in the society.

The theory of social disorganization developed by the Chicago School states that crime rates have direct link with neighborhood ecological characteristics.

Social control and self-control theories states the importance of the social bonds as insulating factor against a criminal involvement.

In socialization theory, people try to interact with each other in the society and they are influenced by the other's personality and behavior.

Thus all this shows that it contains some part as a abuse picture or drug abuse.

Hence the correct option is (e).

E. none of the above; all explain at least some part of the drug use/abuse picture.

answer; i believe that the correct answer is (scientific approach)