From both the plaintiff's and defense's attorneys is an optional phase of the trial. generally, it's allowed to cover an issue raised during cross-examination of a witness.
a. rebuttalb. plaintiffc. closing argumentsd. opening statements

The answer is A. Rebuttal.

Explanation:

Rebuttal consists of a kind of evidence that is usually utilized to contradict other evidence that was considered by an opposite party. This term is also used in aspects related to politics as well as public affairs.

In terms of law, there are special rules concerning rebuttal. Rebuttal evidence or rebuttal witnesses must be related to the appropriate subject concerning the evidence rebutted. If there is new evidence that has a relationship with other subjects, it cannot be admitted in rebuttal. However, a rebuttal is considered a way through which a party could introduce unexpected evidence as well as witnesses.    

the answer is solomon northrup. he was a free-born african american, abolitionist and professional violinist that was drugged, kidnapped and sold as slave in 1841 and remained in captivity until 1853 where he regained his freedom with the of the then-governor of new york, washington hunt. he wrote and published his memoirs "twelve years a slave" in 1853, and in this text, he tells the story of his escape thru one of louisiana's swamps (the great pacoudrie swamp) in which he ended up covered in green slime from crossing the surface of the dead water.

answer; the candidate for vice president;