What role did f. w. de klerk have in south africa's apartheid era?
a. he blacks secretly leave south africa.
b. he was the first black president of south africa.
c. he led protests against nelson mandela.
d. he was the president who ended apartheid.

He was the president who ended apartheid in South Africa.

Explanation:

F.W. de Klerk is a South African politician who served as State President of South Africa. He and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace with Nelson Mandela. They were given the prize for peacefully ending apartheid and setting up a new democratic South Africa.

As a lawyer, as a parliamentarian, and as a member of the government F.W. de Klerk had stood out as a firm upholder of white privilege. But when he realized that the apartheid system was leading to both economic and political bankruptcy, he put himself at the head of a radical change of course. He began to  work secretly with ANC liberation movement and created the African constitution which gained Africa a Democratic government

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.

i heard they are taking it off i hope this isn't true but otherwise if it doesn't get taken off it will probably be in early december or early january of 2018-2019