Owing to their localized geography or their locations on islands or peninsulas, many small political entities such as those labeled on the political map of the world can be identified as

nation-states

Explanation:

a major group of people having same culture, traditions, history and language and also one political boundaries and separate identity comparing other groups are known  as nation-states. nation state means homogeneous and similar nation governed and ruled by sovereign state.

a. formula: f=ma or f/m=a

10,000n/1,267kg≈7.9m/

b. formula: a= and s=d/t

speed= 394.6/15

s=26.3m/s

a=

a=1.75m/

c. 7.9-1.75=difference of 6.15m/

d. the force that most likely caused this difference is friction forces

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.