according to robert michels the "iron law of oligarchy"

was scientifically tested using statistics and other forms of modern evidence

applied to all political groups

argued that countries that grew rich from mining metals were likely to be corrupt.

applied only to capitalistic economies

According to Robert Michels the "Iron Law of Oligarchy" applied to all political groups.

Option B

Explanation:

According to Robert Michels- a German sociologist, all organizations will function in an oligarchic manner, no wonder how much democratic they try to function. This means that the idea of implementing complete democracy is defeated.

He also stated that democracy is something which does not exist in large organizations. He cited examples, such as university students’ union, labour unions and the Lip-set Democracy. He claimed that the organizations are dominated like the leaders of a conservative party.