Which of the following is an example of how altruistic behavior can improve inclusive fitness?

a. others leading to an increase in one’s own self-esteem
b. having a large number of offspring leading to propagation of one’s genes
c. an animal making noise to alert its brood that there is a predator
d. a soldier sacrificing himself to save his fellow soldiers

C. An animal making noise to alert its brood that there is a predator                                

Explanation:

Inclusive fitness describes an animal's behavior in a way which ensures the breeding of their genes. An animal when alerting its young ones that there is some predator puts that animal at risk, but the animal make sure of the safety of its genes and ensure their survival via its offspring.

Altruistic means less advantage and refers to the animal. While inclusive fitness means to pass on the related genes.

Hence the correct answer is (C).

the psychological impact of incarceration

explanation:

a brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minute.