Astudent studies diligently to avoid the bad feelings associated with a previously low grade on a test. in this case, the studying behavior is being strengthened because of what kind of reinforcement?

a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. delayed reinforcement
d. primary reinforcement
e. conditioned reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Explanation:

B.F Skinner has been described as the term negative reinforcement. In the negative reinforcement, the researcher increases the behavior of the subject by stopping, removing, and avoiding the negative outcomes of the stimulus. It is about subtraction something from the environment.  

Thus here in the above situation, a student studies because of avoiding the bad feelings related to the low grades in the test. So the studying behavior has been increased by negative reinforcement.

on december 1, 1774, the continental association was created to boycott all contact with british goods. by reversing the economic sanctions placed on the colonists, the delegates hoped britain would repeal its intolerable acts.

trade regulation is a field of law, often bracketed with antitrust (as in the phrase “antitrust and trade regulation law”), including government regulation of unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive business acts or practices. antitrust law is often considered a subset of trade regulation law. franchise and distribution law, consumer protection law, and advertising law are sometimes considered parts of trade regulation law.

in general the theory of economics says that the more open to trade a country is the better   the result for the same country and the whole economies.

in real life countries impose taxes, quotas, etc which is not so good for the economies.

this kind of commercial war between the usa and china is slowing down the growth of the whole world so we can say that it is a draw back of trade regulations. and the free trade agreements are benefits of trade regulations.