You are creating a robotic dog to educate children on responsible pet ownership. the dog will have two moods: good (g) and bad (b). you have chosen a markov model for the dog's mood; every day at midnight, the robotic dog chooses the new day's mood with some probability depending on the previous day's mood. however, the user can not directly observe the dog's mood. instead, the user can observe the dog's behavior. the dog can either wag it's tail (w), bark (k) or howl (h). you have chosen the following transition and emission models for your new robotic friend:

Asociologist wants to study a culture that occurs in some women’s prisons: “state families,” in which individual prisoners take on certain roles within a group of like-minded prisoners. there is previous evidence that younger prisoners will use older inmates who play the roles of grandparents as a resource before they will turn to staff for and advice. the lieutenant in charge of a dorm of long-term prisoners offers to gather volunteers to speak to the researcher and also offers to vouch for the integrity of the researcher. the use of this staff is: a valid use of a statistical technique referred to “snowball sampling” wherein the inclusion of the first subject leads to the recruitment of another one subject. a useful tactic in obtaining a sample of prisoners who both meet the criteria and who will be honest with the researcher. wrong and is prohibited; subject selection needs to be free from intervention by prison authorities or prisoners. acceptable only when the researcher’s irb grants a special waiver.

Emilio is facing imminent death. consistent with a recent study of canadians in a similar situation, given a choice, the least desirable place he would choose to die is:

Which area of economics uses value judgments to make recommendations for future actions?