Gillian’s kids struggle to get out the door in the morning for school, so she creates a sticker chart where they can put on a sticker each time they are ready to go before 7 a. m. once they fill they chart, they’ll get a new bunk bed. this is an example of

Secondary reinforcement

Explanation:

Secondary reinforcement has to do with a scenario where a response reinforces a behavior after being previously associated with reinforcers which are naturally occurring in the sense that they require no effort or form of learning. The natural reinforcers are called primary reinforcers and they include air, food, sleep and air. Gillian's kids were to be given a reward after they were done with an approved chore which is a form of secondary reinforcement. However the difference between Gillian rewarding and bribing her kids is that she rewarded after they were done with the chore and not before.

4 because 4 is godly

i disagree that there is little difference between adult female development and adult male development. sociological studies comparing female and male pathways to adulthood, revelead that there are sustancial differences between them. particularly, female and male differ from timing of marriage, when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining wife/husband and parent roles.