The power of population is infinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man. population, when unchecked, increases in a geometric ratio. subsistence only increases in arithmetic ratio. a slight acquaintance with the numbers will show the immensity of the first power in comparison with the second. the quote above states(a) adam smith's belief in the natural laws of production and exchange(b) hegel's theory of the process of change(c) malthus' belief in the inevitability of working-class poverty(d) charles darwin's theory of biological evolution(e) marx's theory of class conflict