Every week during football season, fred and his friends have fun following the local high school teams. before the games, fred never really talks too much about how the games will turn out. on monday, however, it is a different scenario altogether. fred is more than happy to share with his friends that the games came out exactly as he thought they would and why. fred seems to be demonstrating a. overconfidence bias b. hindsight bias c. inductive reasoning d. deductive reasoning

Option b

Explanation:

Fred in the scenario is demonstrating hindsight bias.

Hindsight bias is also referred as the phenomena of 'knew-it-all-along' and can be defined as the tendency of some people for the perception of the events or over estimation of one's ability to make predictions about the results of any event that could not have been probably predicted.

The hindsight bias might serve as the major cause of the generation of over confidence in an individual about the predictions of the events that can occur in the future.

answer: musical connotation

leonard b. meyer (1918-2007) was an american composer, author and philosopher. his work emotion and meaning in music is perhaps the first major treatise on music. it is a philosophical and psychological work, greatly influenced by koffka (one of the major proponents of gestalt psychology). his work deals with the problem of musical meaning and musical communication.