The effect causes the individual to want to have more leisure and work less (supply less labor) because leisure is a normal good made affordable with higher income.

Income

Explanation:

Income effect can be defined as the effect on the real income of a customer and hence on quantity of the goods in demand as the price of the commodity is changed.

Any increment or reduction in the price results in a consequent rise or reduction in the nominal income of the consumers and thus causes a high or low demand for other  or same goods.

The rise or reduction in the income does not effect the demand of the inferior goods but if the income of the consumer is increased the demand to satisfy his leisure will also increase and hence the demand of such goods increases.

d.

thist title points out that you are explaining the nature of the u.s. government. it is the most specific. a representative government consists of a government where decisions are taken according to a voting system. the most essential aspect of a representative government is found in the different structures where voting rights are granted to different groups of people. for example, voting for governor, mayor, president, local police chief etc.

changes in factors like average income and preferences can cause an entire demand curve to shift right or left. this causes a higher or lower quantity to be demanded at a given price. demand curves relate the prices and quantities demanded assuming no other factors change. it is important for consumers to know this information, because it is crucial for them to know what they can afford and can't afford. i hope this .