Involves monitoring and influencing employee behavior through extensive use of rules, policies, order of authority, written documentation, reward systems, and other formal mechanisms.
a. a vertical organizational structure
b. decentralized control
c. a horizontal organizational structure
d. hierarchical control

A) A vertical organizational structure. In a vertical organizational structure, managers are at the top, supervisors in the middle, and workers who perform operative tasks at the bottom.

The structure is rigid, stiff, and hierarchical. Workers report to supervisors, and supervisors report to managers. There is no direct communication between people at the bottom and people at the top. Rules are strict and explicit, and many times extensive.

This management philosophy can result in efficiency, but it can also limit creativity and result in a higher turnover because workers might feel unappreciated or underemployed.

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