In a set of studies, ivan pavlov first touched a dog lightly on the side of its body and a few seconds later placed vinegar on the dog’s tongue. the vinegar made the dog salivate. after several pairings of touch and vinegar, the dog began to salivate as soon as it was touched and before it was given the vinegar. in these studies which of the following was the conditioned stimulus?
a) touch to the body
b) vinegar to the tongue
c) salivation to the vinegar
d) salivation to the touch
e) time interval between touch and vinegar

e

Explanation:

The dog salivates when they hear the bell

the correct answer is "c": the pillars proclaimed his regret at the bloodshed at the battle of kalinga and his conversion to buddhism.

the kalinga war is considered as one of the largest battles in the history of india. it was fought between the between the maurya empire, which ruled the lands of what is now known as india at the time, and the independent feudal kingdom of kalinga.

the army of maurya empire, led by its king ashoka, fought a prolonged war against kalinga. the war ended around 262 bce with the victory of the maurya empire. it is believed that ashoka, after having witnessed the loss of many lives during this war, felt deep responsibility and eventually converted into buddhism.