Astudent of organizational communication, john is studying how the target of a communication shapes the communication. in his studies, he notes that the technical professionals tend to not tell middle managers about problems they are having with the system or about shutdowns they will implement to change something. this isn't a problem for john because he hears about the system shut downs from the is department secretary who calls him up to warn him about 10 minutes before the system goes down. however, up and down the hall, john can hear managers swearing, as the system goes down and their work disappears for anywhere from 15 minutes to a couple of hours. the marketing manager tends to work fairly hard at keeping the sales and operation managers current on her plans for product campaigns so the sales people can talk about them and operations can make sure there is enough product on hand to meet demand. the problem with the lack of communication between the technical professionals and the middle managers is an example of a lack of: