Which of the following statements on how people direct the "beam" of attention is false? select one: a. events or items that are especially rare are unlikely to be noticed (for example, motorcycles in traffic are especially likely to be missed in areas where there are few motorcycles). b. there are some gender differences in how people attend to information. c. there are cultural differences in how people direct attention, such that east asians spend more time looking at individual people than americans do. d. people are more likely to attend to new and interesting information than they are to attend to old and familiar information.

c. There are cultural differences in how people direct attention, such that East Asians spend more time looking at individual people than Americans do.

Explanation:

There are many ways in which people directs 'beam' of attentions.

Statement a). is true because it is more likely not to notice a particular thing if that thing is very rare in flow.

Statement b). is true in the sense that people accepts most of the information according to their gender. Male people take in less interest in certain things and information whereas female takes more interest in the same thing which male do not.  

Statement c). is false directing attention does not depend upon any cultural differences. The perception of the individual matters to directs attention of a particular thing.

Statement d). is true because people generally are interested in the new and interesting information which interests them. Old information do not tend to make them happy and interesting.

Hence the false statement is

c. There are cultural differences in how people direct attention, such that East Asians spend more time looking at individual people than Americans do.

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.