Professor x assigns a paper in which students are to demonstrate "conceptual understanding by applying concepts to the real world." professor x is surprised when many of the papers are extended examples of personal thought instead of being analyses of observations of society. the difference between what professor x's words meant to the students and what the words meant to her/him reflects the fact that language is:
a. arbitrary.
b. ambiguous.
c. abstract.
d. inherent.
e. objective.

Recall that in one condition of the experiment conducted by stasser and titus (1985) about student council president candidates, all group members had access to the same information, and that in another condition, members had unique information that other group members didn't know. in the second (unshared information) condition, the group made a worse decision than in the first (shared information) condition. this occurred because groups seldom can agree on who is most expert. focus discussion on the information that all members know. often ignore dissenting opinions. avoid differences of opinion, given conformity pressures.

Compare the systems of government in great britain and the united states.

Sandra lives in the heart of a large city. lately, there have been robberies on several of the streets near where sandra lives but none on her street. sandra and her neighbors believe that they have not seen any crime on their street because they know each other, notice when strangers or strange cars are in the neighborhood, and have a mix of old retired couples and young families who use the neighborhood at different times of the day. jane jacobs would see this as an example of: