In a speech to the neighborhood watch group, mr. simmons made the following statement: "if you see someone running down the sidewalk in our neighborhood and you don't recognize that person, you can assume that person has committed some type of crime. you must act immediately. don't hesitate for a second. call 9-1-1." some members of the audience recognized this statement as an example of

Casual fallacy

Explanation: For any particular statement, casual fallacy is defined as the incorrect identification of the cause .The flaws occurring in the casual identification and reasoning is called as causal fallacy. It is also known as false clause.

The situation mentioned in the question about the speech statement depicts about the casual fallacy. A person cannot be concluded or assumed as a criminal just because he is running on sidewalk.This mistake in speech is understood by some people and thus it is not considered correct.

should congress have the power to interpret the constitution? write a paragraph in which you argue for or against the wide application of the limplied power

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)