New memories are formed by:
a. recording exact copies of sensory information, as when using a video camera or picture.
b. combining information we already know with new sensory information.
c. episodic processing of stimuli.
d. long-term potentiation in the occipital lobe

I would say it's B. combining information we already know with new sensory information.

Explanation:

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.