Explain how studies of the solar surface provide information about the sun’s interior. astronomers can make direct observations of the sun’s atmosphere and photosphere, but since they cannot directly observe the sun’s interior, they must obtain information from indirect observations and mathematical modeling.

Studies of astronomers with respect to solar oscillations (heliosismology) and neutrinos can provide observational data about the interior of the Sun.

Explanation:

The technique of heliosismology has shown that the composition of the interior is very similar to that of the surface (with exception from the nucleus, where part of the original hydrogen has become helium), and that the convection zone extends around 30% of the surface. Heliosismology detects active regions on the other side of the Sun and provides better predictions of solar storms that can affect the Earth. The Neutrinos of the Sun tells us what is happening in the solar interior. A recent experiment has shown that solar models accurately predict the number of electronic neutrinos produced by nuclear reactions in the Sun's core.