1-12
1. which of the following reasons led to the origination of the progressive movement?

a.
passage of antitrust laws and regulations

b.
renewed interest in regulating big business

c.
significant decrease in the american population

d.
rising social problems caused by rapid growth in cities

2. who wrote the shame of the cities?

a.
jacob riis

b.
ida tarbell

c.
upton sinclair

d.
lincoln steffens

3. which of the following was an important politician who supported moderate progressive reform?

a.
ida tarbell

b.
eugene debs

c.
bill haywood

d.
robert la follette

4. through all these years i was nourished at fountain proletaire. i drank deeply of its waters and every particle of my tissue became saturated with the spirit of the working class. i had fired an engine and been stung by the exposure and hardship of the rail. i was with the boys in their weary watches, at the broken engine’s side and often to bear their bruised and bleeding bodies back to wife and child again. how could i but feel the burden of their wrongs? how the seed of agitation fail to take deep root in my heart?

which of the following statements best summarizes the passage?

a.
debs was born into a life of privilege.

b.
debs was influenced by articles written by muckrakers.

c.
debs was moved by the hardships faced by business owners.

d.
debs had endured and shared the harsh working conditions of laborers.

5. which of the following statements best describes the commission system of government?

a.
multiple officials are elected to run various city departments.

b.
professional city managers are hired to run day-to-day city operations.

c.
city council officials select individuals to run various city departments.

d.
commissioners are hired to run city departments based on previous experience.

6. how did women encourage passage of the nineteenth amendment?

a.
refusing to work

b.
running for office

c.
advocating for labor laws

d.
lecturing on women's suffrage

7. why was the women's christian temperance union formed?

a.
to advocate for laws restricting crime

b.
to advocate for laws restricting racism

c.
to advocate for laws restricting alcohol

d.
to advocate for laws restricting poverty

8. which of the following african american activists published articles about lynchings?

a.
ida b. wells

b.
marcus garvey

c.
w. e. b. du bois

d.
booker t. washington

9. how did the republican party try to limit the influence of theodore roosevelt?

a.
roosevelt was made the secretary of the u. s. navy.

b.
roosevelt was elected as the governor of new york.

c.
roosevelt was made the police chief of new york city.

d.
roosevelt was nominated vice president to william mckinley.

10. what did the antiquities act of 1906 accomplish?

a.
it established national parks.

b.
it strengthened railroad regulations.

c.
it regulated the meatpacking industry.

d.
it ended rate discrimination by railroads.

11. what was the supreme court’s role in progressive reform during the presidencies of theodore roosevelt and william howard taft?

a.
the supreme court protected important public lands.

b.
the supreme court upheld important civil rights legislation.

c.
the supreme court actively regulated trusts and monopolies.

d.
the supreme court supported the women’s rights movement.

12. which statement best describes the new freedom platform?

a.
it established civil rights for all americans.

b.
it proposed moderate progressive reforms.

c.
it introduced workers’ compensation benefits.

d.
it expanded protections for women and children.

need passing

1.D 2.D 3.A 4.d 5.c 6.D 7.c 8.A 9.d 10.d 11.c 12.A

Explanation:

The answers for 13-24 is this

13. D

14. A

15. Look up

16. A

17. A

18. D

19. C

20. A

21. Theo= Negotiated Taft= repaid Wilson= Recognized

22. B

23. B

24. C

development:   floodplain development often directly impacts wetlands by removing vegetation (increasing bank erosion),   and filling or draining wetlands for building sites.   floodplain development sometimes indirectly impacts riparian wetlands through the installation of artificial stream stabilizing devices like rip-rap and bulk-heads that attempt to stop the natural meandering process which creates new wetlands and replenishes existing ones.    

road building:   most river valleys have roads and/or railroads.   these structures squeeze rivers and streams by narrowing the floodplain.   this destabilizes the river which   has less room to meander and therefore has an excess of energy.   the roads and railroads also affect drainage from uplands onto the floodplains, and many are built on top of areas that once were wetlands.   such roads often create long, low-quality wetlands upslope of the road by interrupting surface and groundwater flows.   these wetlands can attract wildlife dangerously close to roads.   wetland loss caused by roads is mitigated through the restoration of other impacted wetlands although the replacement wetlands are not always of the same type and quality as those lost. see montana department of transportation's off-site wetland mitigation reserves map.

grazing: overgrazing harms wetlands through soil compaction, removal of vegetation, and stream bank destabilization.   wetlands offer some of the best forage for livestock as well as a water source and cover, so livestock tends to spend a disproportionately large time in wetlands.   there are many grazing strategies that discourage cattle from using wetlands. click on rwrp's web site for a discussion of these strategies.

agriculture:   wetlands often have fairly flat areas of rich organic soil that is highly productive agricultural land if drained.   for this reason many wetlands have been drained and converted to agricultural lands.  

mining: historic mining has had a major impact on wetlands of the clark fork basin, particularly along the upper river where mine wastes have been deposited in the floodplain, creating the country’s largest superfund site. view the superfund site.  

the epa also list the following as major human causes of wetland loss:   logging,   runoff, air and water pollution, introducing nonnative species. see examples of nonnative species here.

the following lists specific damaging actions commonly taken in wetlands.

dumping:   dumping fill material buries hydric soils and effectively lowers the water table so hydrophytic (water loving) plants cannot compete with upland plants.  

            dredging:   the removal of material from a wetland or river bed.   dredging of streams lowers the surrounding water table and dries up adjacent wetlands.

            draining:   water is drained from wetlands by cutting ditches into the ground which collect and transport water out of the wetland.   this lowers the water table and dries out the wetland.    

            diverting flow:   water is diverted around wetlands, lowering the water table.  

            devegetation:   vegetation plays an important role in wetland ecology by removing water through evapotranspiration, altering water and soil chemistry, providing habitat for wildlife, and reducing erosion.   removal of vegetation can drastically and sometimes irreversibly alter wetland function.

            damming flow:   many ponds and reservoirs are constructed on wetlands.   a flooded wetland cannot provide the same habitats and functions.  

            development of springs:   pumping large quantities of water from springs lowers nearby groundwater and can result in the loss of wetland vegetation.   compaction of springs by cattle can cause springs to cease to flow.

explanation: