For each statement, identify whether the behavior is appropriate or inappropriate for effective speaking and listening
a student starts talking about her plans for the weekend during a discussion
a student references the points made by other speakers in the discussion.
a student seems bored and chooses not to speak during a discussion.
a student tries to clarify some of the main ideas for other students.
a student opens up his phone to check his messages while another student is speaking.

Not all members of the radio audience of orson welles' war of the worlds broadcast panicked immediately. indeed, some didn't panic until they looked out of the window and saw empty streets; others didn't panic until they saw streets full of traffic. it was after checking out the situation that these citizens decided that the martians had indeed invaded earth. this example illustrates that contagion can result when people look to others for the interpretation of ambiguous situations . can result when cultural norms reinforce people's most likely responses. occurs primarily because humans are by nature irrational creatures. is especially likely when people are motivated to make independent decisions.