When mary thinks about what a dog is, several very different-looking animals come to mind, including greyhounds, german shepherds, cocker spaniels, and chihuahuas. which one of the following views of concept learning best characterizes mary’s knowledge of the concept dog?
(a) mental theory
(b) prototype
(c) exemplars
(d) feature list

(B) Prototype

Explanation:

Prototype involves all the preexisting ideas that we have learnt or copied into our mind we are able then to relate the current information by retrieving those preexisting ideas and matching them with the current situation inorder to resolve it.

Mary already knows what a dog is and because she has this information stored in her long term memory she is able to retrieve it and use it to define these types of dogs.

question - in 1827, john walker, a druggist in a small english town, tipped a splint with sulphur, chlorate of potash, and sulphid of antimony, and rubbed it on sandpaper, and it burst into flame. the druggist had discovered the first friction-chemical match, the kind we use to-day. it is called friction-chemical because it is made by mixing certain chemicals together and rubbing them. although walker's match did not require the bottle of acid, nevertheless it was not a good one. it could be lighted only by hard rubbing, and it sputtered and threw fire in all directions. in a few years, however, phosphorus was substituted on the tip for antimony, and the change worked wonders. the match could now be lighted with very little rubbing, and it was no longer necessary to have sandpaper upon which to rub it. it would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, and there was no longer any sputtering. this was the phosphorus match, the match with which we are so familiar. according the paragraph what was the benefit of the new phosphorus match? it burst into flame when rubbed on sandpaper. it was made by mixing chemicals. it could be ignited on any dry surface. it threw fire in all directions.

answer - matches required natural chemicals

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