In operant conditioning studies, the subject’s motivational state is most typically operationally defined by:
(a) observing a subject's behavior over long period of time
(b) using a type of reinforcement that the experimenter knows that the subject usually likes
(c) depriving the subject of some desirable stimulus item for a period of time
(d) using a novel stimulus that the subject is sure to like

Which of the following is not among the root causes of poverty in the united states? size of family disabilities advanced degrees underemployment

Consider the speakers in "the raven" and the speaker in "the song of wandering aengus." write two paragraphs to compare and contrast the voice in these two poems. how does the poet give the speaker in each poem a distinctive voice? what effect does this voice have in each poem? use examples from each poem to as evidence for your answer "the raven"once upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary, over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—while i nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, as of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.“‘tis some visitor,” i muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—only this and nothing more.”ah, distinctly i remember it was in the bleak december, and each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. eagerly i wished the morrow; —vainly i had sought to borrowfrom my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost lenore—for the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name lenore—nameless here for evermore. and the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtainthrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; so that now, to still the beating of my heart, i stood repeating“‘tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; this it is and nothing more.”"the song of wandering aengus." i went out to the hazel wood, because a fire was in my head, and cut and peeled a hazel wand, and hooked a berry to a thread; and when white moths were on the wing, and moth-like stars were flickering out, i dropped the berry in a streamand caught a little silver trout. when i had laid it on the floori went to blow the fire aflame, but something rustled on the floor, and some one called me by my name: it had become a glimmering girlwith apple blossom in her hairwho called me by my name and ranand faded through the brightening air. plz hurry

One way in which the european union encourages trade among countries is through the use of