In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, william james argued that two
people could view the same stimulus quite differently. james's argument illustrates which of the
textbook's unifying themes?
a. psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
b. psychology is empirical.
c. heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
d. our experience of the world is highly subjective.

d. Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Explanation:

William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently because the mental state of two-people is entirely different.

William James(1842-1910) was a great psychologist and a philosopher of his time in the United States and had a great contribution to the development of psychology. He was the first person to teach psychology in the united states, and often called the father of American psychology. He was the founder of Functionalism school of thought. Functionalism was developed to understand the mental processes and to study behavior and consciousness. William James' theory of functionalism defines the causal relationship between external behaviors and internal states.

According to functionalism, society is a system that consists of interconnected parts that make effort together in consonance to maintain social equilibrium for the whole and a state of balance.  

Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Explanation:

Introspection expands the access of an individual state of mind. this technique was developed by William Wundt. This technique's main aim was to help the person by self-observation of their thoughts and feelings. He has to train the people to analyze the context with personal opinion subjectively. In this technique, people analyze their ideas. Through this technique, the psychologist helps the people related to their conflicts and thought the process that is related to their feelings and experience. The main process of this technique to know about the feelings and emotions and memories to help the person to understand their meanings. This technique also revealed that how people affected by their environment and their consequences.

chronological thinking is an indispensable tool to structure a historical narrative and to give meaning to a sequence of events. the final section presents the results of a survey to test the chronological thinking of lower secondary school students carried out by the educational research institute.