Hostile aggression differs from instrumental aggression in that instrumental aggression a) is more destructive than hostile aggression. b) involves inflicting pain as a means to an end. c) is more likely to result in retaliation. d) often follows from anger or frustration. e) usually involves inflicting only psychological pain, and not physical pain

involves inflicting pain as a means to an end.

Explanation:

According to my research on studies conducted by behaviorists, I can say that based on the information provided within the question the main difference between these two aggression is that Instrumental aggression involves inflicting pain as a means to an end. In other words it is aggression shown in order to achieve a certain goal.

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this is an outline for the decisions that frankie is going to make

opportunity cost

willingness to buy

price or quality

of course, there could be many economic strategies that should be considered important while making decision. opportunity cost is the foremost significant factor while considering any economic option. when you buy something, you should know how much you are forgoing for this product. indeed, you could buy something different with this measure if you changed your mind. willingness to buy shows how much surplus you are earning while making a decision. it is important because it shows you buy what you want or you buy because you have only limited amount of money. the price or quality can be considered as a general economic option that we are applying while buying something. when you buy something, price or quality could be one of the options. indeed, they define the characteristics of the product.    

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