Political parties create a which is a formal statement of the party's political positions on various social and economic issues.

manifesto or platform

Explanation:

This is the formal statement that each part makes to declare their values and beliefs concerning issues on economy and social issues.

This is the statement that is usual written before the voting is open and it is usually read to people by each part to let people know what each part stand for so they can decide if it aligns with what they believe .

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a. the moon was locked into orbit by the earths gravity as it was passing by and capture hypothesis i think