What impact, if any, do third parties typically have on u. s. elections?

During the late 19th century, russia's settlement and development of siberia was made possible by the invention of the

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?

The bill of rights includes things such as the right to bear arms and freedom of speech. these are examples of which american value?