Davenport inc. offers a new employee two options. first, the employee can receive a one-time signing bonus at the date of employment. second, the employee can take $28,000 at the date of employment and another $45,000 two years later. assuming the employee's time value of money is 11% annually, what single payment in the first option would be equal to the total of the payments in the second option?

The defendant is charged with the battery of a bouncer at a local tavern. at the trial, the prosecutor introduces evidence that while the bouncer was attempting to question the defendant about her intoxicated demeanor, the defendant committed a battery on the bouncer. the defendant attempts to defend against the charge on the basis of self-defense, insisting that the bouncer used excessive force in stopping her from entering the tavern. the defendant attempts to introduce into evidence an authenticated copy of the tavern records that show that three patrons had written complaints against the bouncer within the past six months for the use of excessive force. the prosecutor objects on the grounds that the records are inadmissible character evidence. should the court sustain the objection?