In 2003, the supreme court ruled on two different university of michigan cases related to affirmative action. they ruled that it was – to use race as one of a number of considerations while also ruling that it was – to give minority applicants a specific number of bonus points in the application scoring system.

Constitutional, unconstitutional.

Explanation:

In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court of the United States judged that the student admissions process can constitutionally favor underrepresented minority groups as long as race is not the only factor considered.

Gratz v. Bollinger ruled a points-based admissions policy that granted bonus points to minority applicants, unconstitutional since it was breaking the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.

explanation:

sorry english

d.

thist title points out that you are explaining the nature of the u.s. government. it is the most specific. a representative government consists of a government where decisions are taken according to a voting system. the most essential aspect of a representative government is found in the different structures where voting rights are granted to different groups of people. for example, voting for governor, mayor, president, local police chief etc.