11. capune was attempting a trip from new york to florida on an eighteen-foot-long paddleboard. the trip was being covered by various media to gain publicity for capune and certain products he endorsed. by water, capune approached a pier owned by robbins, who had posted signs prohibiting surfing and swimming around the pier. capune was unaware of these notices and attempted to continue his journey by passing under the pier. robbins ran up yelling and threw two bottles at capune. capune was frightened and tried to maneuver his paddleboard to go around the pier. robbins then threw a third bottle that hit capune in the head. capune had to be out of the water and taken to the hospital. he suffered a physical wound that required twenty-four sutures and, as a result, had to discontinue his trip. capune brought suit in tort against robbins. is robbins liable? if so, for which tort or torts?

Asociologist wants to study a culture that occurs in some women’s prisons: “state families,” in which individual prisoners take on certain roles within a group of like-minded prisoners. there is previous evidence that younger prisoners will use older inmates who play the roles of grandparents as a resource before they will turn to staff for and advice. the lieutenant in charge of a dorm of long-term prisoners offers to gather volunteers to speak to the researcher and also offers to vouch for the integrity of the researcher. the use of this staff is: a valid use of a statistical technique referred to “snowball sampling” wherein the inclusion of the first subject leads to the recruitment of another one subject. a useful tactic in obtaining a sample of prisoners who both meet the criteria and who will be honest with the researcher. wrong and is prohibited; subject selection needs to be free from intervention by prison authorities or prisoners. acceptable only when the researcher’s irb grants a special waiver.