Which nims management characteristic includes developing and issuing assignments

Management by objectives

Explanation:

Management by objectives is a collection of efforts that are initiated by the management team of the organization to create realistic/achievable goals for the team members in order to bring the organization closer to its goals.

This will include developing and issuing assignments, setting up deadlines, and  Creating a measurable standard to judge members' performance

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.